Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

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Liechtensteinische Landesbank AG backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Liechtensteinische Landesbank AG. 4 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; Keltner 채널 돌파 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester. The return/drawdown alternative is EMA 크로스오버 (CAGR 6.6%, MDD -43.1%).

Data 1996-08-02 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 7,636 (30.0 years)Costs 0.5%Venue SIXMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

4 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 3.7%, drawdown -79.8%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): Keltner 채널 돌파 — CAGR 1.8%, MDD -5.3%, Sharpe 0.71, 2% exposure.

CAGR reference leader: EMA 크로스오버 — CAGR 6.6%, MDD -43.1%, exposure 57%.

Return/drawdown alternative: EMA 크로스오버 — CAGR is 1.9%p lower than buy and hold, while drawdown improves by 74.5%p (CAGR 6.6%, MDD -43.1%, exposure 57%).

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=11, atrPeriod=21, mult=4
1.8%-5.3%0.710.341.7x82%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=39, slow=111
6.6%-43.1%0.480.156.7x4957%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=59, exitN=64
6.1%-46.8%0.460.136.0x5154%
Supertrend
period=28, mult=5
5.4%-46.5%0.440.124.9x5947%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=12, slow=136
5.7%-46.4%0.430.125.3x8555%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=31, threshold=19
3.1%-32.6%0.360.102.5x9921%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=48, k=1.8
3.0%-46.3%0.300.072.4x13735%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.005, maxStep=0.12
2.2%-57.0%0.220.041.9x22354%
ROC 모멘텀
n=101, threshold=-0.04
0.7%-69.7%0.120.011.2x29970%
MACD
fast=20, slow=62, signal=28
-2.0%-84.6%-0.04-0.020.5x23550%
Buy and hold3.7%-79.8%0.270.052.9x1100%
1x 1997 2001 2005 2009 2013 2017 2021 2025 EMA 크로스오버Keltner 채널 돌파Buy and hold
Keltner 채널 돌파 (Sharpe leader), EMA 크로스오버 (CAGR reference), Buy and hold.
0% -20% -40% -60% -80% 1997 2001 2005 2009 2013 2017 2021 2025 Buy and holdEMA 크로스오버Keltner 채널 돌파
Keltner 채널 돌파 maximum drawdown -5.3% (1997-02-19 → 1997-06-11), recovered after 127 days.

Rules of the top strategy

Breaking above the channel top (average plus a multiple of volatility) signals an upside breakout.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were selected on the same full-history sample using sharpe over 40 trials per strategy, so results contain in-sample bias. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-run the same setupAll asset reports

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