Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

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Krones AG backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Krones AG. 0 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; ROC 모멘텀 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester. Its 100% market exposure makes it hold-like.

Data 1998-11-23 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 7,082 (27.7 years)Costs 0.5%Venue XETRMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

0 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 10.6%, drawdown -65.7%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): ROC 모멘텀 — CAGR 10.1%, MDD -67.3%, Sharpe 0.45, 100% exposure. With at least 95% exposure, it should be treated as hold-like, not strong evidence of timing skill.

No strategy retained at least 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR while reducing drawdown by both 20% relatively and 5 percentage points absolutely.

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
ROC 모멘텀
Hold-like · Exposure 100%
n=2, threshold=-0.15
10.1%-67.3%0.450.1514.4x7100%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=37, slow=195
6.8%-45.5%0.390.156.2x4268%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=49, exitN=93
6.3%-56.4%0.360.115.5x4279%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=56, slow=208
5.1%-53.1%0.330.104.0x4066%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=43, threshold=12
1.4%-34.4%0.170.041.5x13730%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=77, atrPeriod=21, mult=3.1
-0.4%-53.9%0.07-0.010.9x10840%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=58, k=3.2
0.2%-35.5%0.070.011.1x2610%
Supertrend
period=9, mult=5
-2.0%-73.5%0.03-0.030.6x12056%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.01, maxStep=0.12
-4.8%-84.7%-0.10-0.060.3x34153%
MACD
fast=19, slow=30, signal=19
-9.6%-95.1%-0.30-0.100.1x36951%
Buy and hold10.6%-65.7%0.460.1616.4x1100%
1x 10x 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019 2023 ROC 모멘텀Buy and hold
ROC 모멘텀: Solid strategy line versus dashed buy-and-hold line. Log scale.
0% -17% -34% -51% -67% 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019 2023 Buy and holdROC 모멘텀
ROC 모멘텀 maximum drawdown -67.3% (2007-10-25 → 2009-03-20), recovered after 2,149 days.

Rules of the top strategy

Rides the trend when recent return (momentum) over a window is above a threshold.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were selected on the same full-history sample using sharpe over 40 trials per strategy, so results contain in-sample bias. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-run the same setupAll asset reports

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