Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

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Novo Nordisk A/S Class B backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Novo Nordisk A/S Class B. 0 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; ROC 모멘텀 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester. Its 98% market exposure makes it hold-like.

Data 2001-01-08 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 6,437 (25.6 years)Costs 0.5%Venue OMXCOPMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

0 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 11.5%, drawdown -83.5%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): ROC 모멘텀 — CAGR 0.2%, MDD -93.2%, Sharpe 0.54, 98% exposure. With at least 95% exposure, it should be treated as hold-like, not strong evidence of timing skill.

CAGR reference leader: EMA 크로스오버 — CAGR 8.7%, MDD -77.6%, exposure 72%.

No strategy retained at least 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR while reducing drawdown by both 20% relatively and 5 percentage points absolutely.

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
ROC 모멘텀
Hold-like · Exposure 98%
n=5, threshold=-0.1
0.2%-93.2%0.540.001.1x13598%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=39, exitN=114
4.0%-94.0%0.540.042.7x3382%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=48, slow=279
8.7%-77.6%0.510.118.4x1872%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=40, slow=135
6.1%-66.8%0.500.094.6x5764%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=37, threshold=27
0.5%-54.9%0.110.011.1x102%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.005, maxStep=0.34
-33.0%-100.0%-0.10-0.330.0x20551%
MACD
fast=15, slow=48, signal=23
-42.1%-100.0%-0.11-0.420.0x31352%
Supertrend
period=9, mult=4.3
-42.5%-100.0%-0.14-0.430.0x14558%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=47, atrPeriod=12, mult=0.5
-52.0%-100.0%-0.45-0.520.0x40354%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=56, k=1.1
-51.0%-100.0%-0.46-0.510.0x22345%
Buy and hold11.5%-83.5%0.600.1416.1x1100%
0.1 1x 10x 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022 2026 EMA 크로스오버ROC 모멘텀Buy and hold
ROC 모멘텀 (Sharpe leader), EMA 크로스오버 (CAGR reference), Buy and hold.
0% -23% -47% -70% -93% 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022 2026 Buy and holdEMA 크로스오버ROC 모멘텀
ROC 모멘텀 maximum drawdown -93.2% (2001-02-07 → 2005-09-26), recovered after 7,455 days.

Rules of the top strategy

Rides the trend when recent return (momentum) over a window is above a threshold.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were selected on the same full-history sample using sharpe over 40 trials per strategy, so results contain in-sample bias. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-run the same setupAll asset reports

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