Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

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Acea S.p.A. backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Acea S.p.A.. 8 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; Donchian 채널 돌파 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester. The return/drawdown alternative is ADX / DI 방향성 (CAGR 4.4%, MDD -28.2%).

Data 1999-07-16 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 6,910 (27.0 years)Costs 0.5%Venue MILMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

8 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 2.4%, drawdown -86.7%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): Donchian 채널 돌파 — CAGR 7.2%, MDD -32.7%, Sharpe 0.59, 25% exposure.

CAGR reference leader: SMA 크로스오버 — CAGR 7.2%, MDD -50.1%, exposure 51%.

Return/drawdown alternative: ADX / DI 방향성 — CAGR is 4.9%p higher than buy and hold, while drawdown improves by 53.9%p (CAGR 4.4%, MDD -28.2%, exposure 20%).

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=117, exitN=18
7.2%-32.7%0.590.226.6x5425%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=38, atrPeriod=8, mult=2.3
7.2%-34.9%0.560.216.5x10029%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=23, k=2.6
5.6%-32.3%0.500.174.4x11020%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=49, slow=196
7.2%-50.1%0.480.146.6x2851%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=64, slow=198
6.2%-44.2%0.420.145.0x2450%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=21, threshold=23
4.4%-28.2%0.400.153.2x12420%
Supertrend
period=20, mult=4.7
5.4%-66.8%0.370.084.1x7451%
ROC 모멘텀
n=123, threshold=-0.03
5.0%-62.4%0.350.083.8x20657%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.01, maxStep=0.3
0.7%-77.3%0.130.011.2x37753%
MACD
fast=17, slow=55, signal=24
-0.6%-79.0%0.07-0.010.8x26951%
Buy and hold2.4%-86.7%0.220.031.9x1100%
1x 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 SMA 크로스오버Donchian 채널 돌파Buy and hold
Donchian 채널 돌파 (Sharpe leader), SMA 크로스오버 (CAGR reference), Buy and hold.
0% -22% -43% -65% -87% 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 Buy and holdSMA 크로스오버Donchian 채널 돌파
Donchian 채널 돌파 maximum drawdown -32.7% (2021-06-18 → 2025-04-07), prior peak not yet recovered.

Rules of the top strategy

A new high means a trend starting; a new low means it’s over (turtle-trading style).

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were selected on the same full-history sample using sharpe over 40 trials per strategy, so results contain in-sample bias. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-run the same setupAll asset reports

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