Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

equity · NL

Koninklijke Ahold Delhaize N.V. backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Koninklijke Ahold Delhaize N.V.. 0 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; ROC 모멘텀 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester.

Data 2008-10-24 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 4,546 (17.8 years)Costs 0.5%Venue EURONEXTMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

0 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 7.4%, drawdown -35.3%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): ROC 모멘텀 — CAGR 5.4%, MDD -31.6%, Sharpe 0.36, 94% exposure.

No strategy retained at least 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR while reducing drawdown by both 20% relatively and 5 percentage points absolutely.

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
ROC 모멘텀
n=141, threshold=-0.15
5.4%-31.6%0.360.172.5x3194%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=9, exitN=110
4.3%-31.2%0.310.142.1x4491%
Supertrend
period=32, mult=4.3
2.6%-38.5%0.240.071.6x7059%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=59, slow=169
2.1%-31.5%0.210.071.5x2665%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=45, slow=162
1.9%-35.7%0.200.051.4x3658%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=19, atrPeriod=20, mult=3.6
0.6%-13.9%0.170.051.1x186%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=44, k=2.4
-0.8%-25.9%-0.03-0.030.9x6828%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=28, threshold=26
-0.4%-14.9%-0.08-0.030.9x165%
MACD
fast=14, slow=55, signal=19
-2.9%-58.8%-0.13-0.050.6x20448%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.005, maxStep=0.16
-4.1%-62.6%-0.20-0.070.5x17253%
Buy and hold7.4%-35.3%0.440.213.6x1100%
1x 2009 2012 2015 2018 2021 2024 ROC 모멘텀Buy and hold
ROC 모멘텀: Solid strategy line versus dashed buy-and-hold line. Log scale.
0% -9% -18% -26% -35% 2009 2012 2015 2018 2021 2024 Buy and holdROC 모멘텀
ROC 모멘텀 maximum drawdown -31.6% (2016-07-14 → 2017-11-07), recovered after 980 days.

Rules of the top strategy

Rides the trend when recent return (momentum) over a window is above a threshold.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were selected on the same full-history sample using sharpe over 40 trials per strategy, so results contain in-sample bias. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-run the same setupAll asset reports

Read next