Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

equity · NL

Heineken Holding N.V. backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Heineken Holding N.V.. 1 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; Donchian 채널 돌파 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester. The return/drawdown alternative is Donchian 채널 돌파 (CAGR 6.0%, MDD -46.9%).

Data 2004-05-04 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 5,703 (22.2 years)Costs 0.5%Venue EURONEXTMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

1 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 5.0%, drawdown -60.2%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): Donchian 채널 돌파 — CAGR 6.0%, MDD -46.9%, Sharpe 0.41, 81% exposure.

Return/drawdown alternative: Donchian 채널 돌파 — CAGR is 1.0%p higher than buy and hold, while drawdown improves by 13.3%p (CAGR 6.0%, MDD -46.9%, exposure 81%).

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=39, exitN=137
6.0%-46.9%0.410.133.7x2781%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=28, slow=174
3.7%-51.5%0.320.072.3x5362%
ROC 모멘텀
n=117, threshold=-0.12
4.1%-54.2%0.310.082.5x8586%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=49, slow=110
3.5%-58.1%0.300.062.2x3764%
Supertrend
period=26, mult=3.7
2.1%-41.0%0.210.051.6x10557%
MACD
fast=51, slow=69, signal=20
1.2%-42.1%0.150.031.3x14150%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=14, k=3.3
0.1%-2.8%0.110.041.0x20%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=34, threshold=34
0.0%-2.7%0.030.011.0x20%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=71, atrPeriod=21, mult=4
-1.0%-39.1%-0.06-0.030.8x5726%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.005, maxStep=0.12
-4.0%-68.4%-0.20-0.060.4x22154%
Buy and hold5.0%-60.2%0.330.083.0x1100%
1x 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2020 2023 2026 Donchian 채널 돌파Buy and hold
Donchian 채널 돌파: Solid strategy line versus dashed buy-and-hold line. Log scale.
0% -15% -30% -45% -60% 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2020 2023 2026 Buy and holdDonchian 채널 돌파
Donchian 채널 돌파 maximum drawdown -46.9% (2019-07-26 → 2026-04-29), prior peak not yet recovered.

Rules of the top strategy

A new high means a trend starting; a new low means it’s over (turtle-trading style).

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were selected on the same full-history sample using sharpe over 40 trials per strategy, so results contain in-sample bias. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-run the same setupAll asset reports

Read next