Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

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iShares California Muni Bond ETF backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of iShares California Muni Bond ETF. 0 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; ROC 모멘텀 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester. Its 100% market exposure makes it hold-like.

Data 2007-10-11 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 4,730 (18.8 years)Costs 0.5%Venue XASEMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

0 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 0.4%, drawdown -22.8%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): ROC 모멘텀 — CAGR 0.4%, MDD -23.5%, Sharpe 0.09, 100% exposure. With at least 95% exposure, it should be treated as hold-like, not strong evidence of timing skill.

No strategy retained at least 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR while reducing drawdown by both 20% relatively and 5 percentage points absolutely.

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
ROC 모멘텀
Hold-like · Exposure 100%
n=3, threshold=-0.09
0.4%-23.5%0.090.021.1x3100%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=45, slow=229
-0.0%-25.8%0.03-0.001.0x2260%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=126, exitN=40
-0.1%-20.3%0.02-0.001.0x2432%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=42, threshold=48
-0.0%-1.7%-0.10-0.021.0x21%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=27, slow=57
-1.0%-32.7%-0.11-0.030.8x6260%
Supertrend
period=30, mult=3.4
-1.1%-22.1%-0.11-0.050.8x10461%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=64, atrPeriod=21, mult=1.9
-1.2%-29.0%-0.15-0.040.8x8044%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.01, maxStep=0.04
-1.5%-35.8%-0.18-0.040.8x15058%
MACD
fast=23, slow=44, signal=31
-1.7%-30.2%-0.21-0.060.7x13851%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=49, k=3.5
-1.2%-21.0%-0.28-0.060.8x62%
Buy and hold0.4%-22.8%0.100.021.1x1100%
1x 2008 2011 2014 2017 2020 2023 2026 ROC 모멘텀Buy and hold
ROC 모멘텀: Solid strategy line versus dashed buy-and-hold line. Log scale.
0% -6% -12% -18% -24% 2008 2011 2014 2017 2020 2023 2026 Buy and holdROC 모멘텀
ROC 모멘텀 maximum drawdown -23.5% (2014-12-26 → 2020-03-23), prior peak not yet recovered.

Rules of the top strategy

Rides the trend when recent return (momentum) over a window is above a threshold.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were selected on the same full-history sample using sharpe over 40 trials per strategy, so results contain in-sample bias. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-run the same setupAll asset reports

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