Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

equity · US

Caseys General Stores, Inc. backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Caseys General Stores, Inc.. 0 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; ROC 모멘텀 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester. Its 100% market exposure makes it hold-like.

Data 1983-10-20 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 10,778 (42.8 years)Costs 0.5%Venue XNASMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

0 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 16.5%, drawdown -74.5%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): ROC 모멘텀 — CAGR 16.2%, MDD -74.5%, Sharpe 0.61, 100% exposure. With at least 95% exposure, it should be treated as hold-like, not strong evidence of timing skill.

No strategy retained at least 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR while reducing drawdown by both 20% relatively and 5 percentage points absolutely.

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
ROC 모멘텀
Hold-like · Exposure 100%
n=1, threshold=-0.12
16.2%-74.5%0.610.22621.2x15100%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=53, slow=300
12.5%-60.8%0.560.21154.5x3577%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=40, exitN=77
11.0%-55.6%0.510.2087.7x7175%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=43, slow=173
8.6%-70.3%0.440.1234.6x7568%
Supertrend
period=26, mult=4.9
5.4%-71.5%0.340.089.7x12364%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=51, threshold=17
2.7%-57.5%0.260.053.1x6416%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=55, k=3
0.9%-63.1%0.130.011.4x8621%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.005, maxStep=0.36
-0.8%-86.3%0.09-0.010.7x35557%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=57, atrPeriod=13, mult=1.2
-1.9%-91.3%0.03-0.020.4x35352%
MACD
fast=16, slow=25, signal=16
-4.3%-97.8%-0.08-0.040.2x64551%
Buy and hold16.5%-74.5%0.620.22693.1x1100%
1x 10x 100x 1984 1990 1996 2002 2008 2014 2020 2026 ROC 모멘텀Buy and hold
ROC 모멘텀: Solid strategy line versus dashed buy-and-hold line. Log scale.
0% -19% -37% -56% -75% 1984 1990 1996 2002 2008 2014 2020 2026 Buy and holdROC 모멘텀
ROC 모멘텀 maximum drawdown -74.5% (1987-03-26 → 1990-11-01), recovered after 2,321 days.

Rules of the top strategy

Rides the trend when recent return (momentum) over a window is above a threshold.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were carried forward from the latest full optimization and replayed on this monthly dataset. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-optimize the same period and setupAll asset reports

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