Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

equity · US

Carnival Corporation Ltd. backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Carnival Corporation Ltd.. 0 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; ROC 모멘텀 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester.

Data 1987-07-24 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 9,829 (39.0 years)Costs 0.5%Venue XNYSMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

0 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 5.1%, drawdown -91.1%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): ROC 모멘텀 — CAGR 4.3%, MDD -82.2%, Sharpe 0.29, 65% exposure.

No strategy retained at least 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR while reducing drawdown by both 20% relatively and 5 percentage points absolutely.

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
ROC 모멘텀
n=265, threshold=-0.03
4.3%-82.2%0.290.055.1x17265%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=52, slow=218
4.0%-75.2%0.280.054.7x5058%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=69, exitN=62
3.6%-61.9%0.270.064.0x7353%
MACD
fast=18, slow=37, signal=24
2.5%-83.7%0.230.032.6x41851%
Supertrend
period=25, mult=4.4
2.2%-83.2%0.210.032.3x17056%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=49, slow=179
1.3%-78.2%0.180.021.6x7059%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=38, k=1.2
0.5%-88.3%0.140.011.2x33443%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=27, threshold=16
0.6%-66.1%0.130.011.3x25631%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=37, atrPeriod=13, mult=3.2
-0.5%-69.0%0.06-0.010.8x15424%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.01, maxStep=0.36
-3.5%-98.1%0.02-0.040.2x53554%
Buy and hold5.1%-91.1%0.330.067.0x1100%
1x 10x 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013 2018 2023 ROC 모멘텀Buy and hold
ROC 모멘텀: Solid strategy line versus dashed buy-and-hold line. Log scale.
0% -23% -46% -68% -91% 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013 2018 2023 Buy and holdROC 모멘텀
ROC 모멘텀 maximum drawdown -82.2% (1999-04-12 → 2023-10-20), prior peak not yet recovered.

Rules of the top strategy

Rides the trend when recent return (momentum) over a window is above a threshold.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were carried forward from the latest full optimization and replayed on this monthly dataset. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-optimize the same period and setupAll asset reports

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