Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

equity · US

Core Natural Resources, Inc. backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Core Natural Resources, Inc.. 7 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; ROC 모멘텀 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester. The return/drawdown alternative is Keltner 채널 돌파 (CAGR 17.5%, MDD -37.8%).

Data 2017-11-14 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 2,188 (8.7 years)Costs 0.5%Venue XNYSMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

7 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 15.7%, drawdown -92.2%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): ROC 모멘텀 — CAGR 31.0%, MDD -50.1%, Sharpe 0.84, 54% exposure.

Return/drawdown alternative: Keltner 채널 돌파 — CAGR is 15.3%p higher than buy and hold, while drawdown improves by 42.1%p (CAGR 17.5%, MDD -37.8%, exposure 20%).

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
ROC 모멘텀
n=113, threshold=-0.01
31.0%-50.1%0.840.6210.5x4854%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=43, slow=91
30.4%-44.9%0.840.6810.1x1453%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=33, slow=115
30.0%-42.2%0.830.719.8x1654%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=88, exitN=76
25.9%-46.8%0.750.557.4x1055%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=42, atrPeriod=29, mult=3.9
17.5%-37.8%0.710.464.1x1620%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=45, k=2.4
19.6%-53.9%0.690.364.7x2829%
Supertrend
period=15, mult=4.3
17.4%-75.0%0.570.234.1x3047%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=33, threshold=22
9.0%-38.0%0.470.242.1x2012%
MACD
fast=22, slow=54, signal=18
4.4%-79.7%0.330.061.5x8153%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.005, maxStep=0.32
-0.1%-85.3%0.23-0.001.0x7252%
Buy and hold15.7%-92.2%0.550.173.6x1100%
1x 10x 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 ROC 모멘텀Buy and hold
ROC 모멘텀: Solid strategy line versus dashed buy-and-hold line. Log scale.
0% -23% -46% -69% -92% 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 Buy and holdROC 모멘텀
ROC 모멘텀 maximum drawdown -50.1% (2023-12-01 → 2025-09-22), prior peak not yet recovered.

Rules of the top strategy

Rides the trend when recent return (momentum) over a window is above a threshold.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were carried forward from the latest full optimization and replayed on this monthly dataset. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-optimize the same period and setupAll asset reports

Read next