Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

equity · US

Federal Signal Corporation backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Federal Signal Corporation. 0 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; Supertrend ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester.

Data 1980-03-17 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 11,688 (46.4 years)Costs 0.5%Venue XNYSMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

0 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 9.9%, drawdown -87.4%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): Supertrend — CAGR 5.8%, MDD -80.1%, Sharpe 0.35, 59% exposure.

CAGR reference leader: Donchian 채널 돌파 — CAGR 6.1%, MDD -91.6%, exposure 84%.

No strategy retained at least 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR while reducing drawdown by both 20% relatively and 5 percentage points absolutely.

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
Supertrend
period=11, mult=5
5.8%-80.1%0.350.0713.6x13959%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=10, exitN=56
6.1%-91.6%0.350.0715.7x16984%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=47, k=2.6
2.8%-46.5%0.260.063.6x11423%
ROC 모멘텀
n=95, threshold=-0.08
2.5%-93.0%0.230.033.2x34776%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=9, slow=167
1.6%-94.1%0.190.022.0x15762%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=11, slow=84
1.1%-90.0%0.170.011.7x22759%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=37, threshold=36
0.3%-13.2%0.120.021.2x61%
MACD
fast=17, slow=30, signal=13
-0.8%-82.5%0.09-0.010.7x66250%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=54, atrPeriod=11, mult=2.4
-0.3%-87.2%0.08-0.000.9x22637%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.01, maxStep=0.18
-2.1%-91.9%0.04-0.020.4x60853%
Buy and hold9.9%-87.4%0.440.1180.2x1100%
1x 10x 1981 1987 1993 1999 2005 2011 2017 2023 Donchian 채널 돌파SupertrendBuy and hold
Supertrend (Sharpe leader), Donchian 채널 돌파 (CAGR reference), Buy and hold.
0% -23% -46% -69% -92% 1981 1987 1993 1999 2005 2011 2017 2023 Buy and holdDonchian 채널 돌파Supertrend
Supertrend maximum drawdown -80.1% (1996-11-25 → 2012-03-06), recovered after 8,323 days.

Rules of the top strategy

Trades the direction of a volatility-based trend line that trails below/above price.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were carried forward from the latest full optimization and replayed on this monthly dataset. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-optimize the same period and setupAll asset reports

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