Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

equity · US

General Motors Company backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of General Motors Company. 0 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; 볼린저 밴드 돌파 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester.

Data 2010-11-18 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 3,947 (15.7 years)Costs 0.5%Venue XNYSMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

0 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 6.2%, drawdown -63.9%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): 볼린저 밴드 돌파 — CAGR 3.8%, MDD -17.6%, Sharpe 0.45, 9% exposure.

CAGR reference leader: SMA 크로스오버 — CAGR 5.8%, MDD -51.5%, exposure 53%.

No strategy retained at least 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR while reducing drawdown by both 20% relatively and 5 percentage points absolutely.

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=26, k=3.1
3.8%-17.6%0.450.211.8x259%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=57, slow=88
5.8%-51.5%0.360.112.4x5153%
ROC 모멘텀
n=138, threshold=0.13
4.1%-41.2%0.320.101.9x8830%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=13, exitN=57
5.1%-54.1%0.320.102.2x5776%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=31, threshold=20
2.9%-19.4%0.310.151.6x2812%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=46, slow=245
4.5%-58.9%0.310.082.0x2152%
Supertrend
period=17, mult=4.6
3.6%-50.4%0.270.071.7x5750%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.005, maxStep=0.22
2.0%-47.2%0.200.041.4x14151%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=46, atrPeriod=12, mult=4
1.0%-32.5%0.140.031.2x3418%
MACD
fast=7, slow=35, signal=13
-3.6%-63.7%-0.04-0.060.6x31349%
Buy and hold6.2%-63.9%0.350.102.6x1100%
1x 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 SMA 크로스오버볼린저 밴드 돌파Buy and hold
볼린저 밴드 돌파 (Sharpe leader), SMA 크로스오버 (CAGR reference), Buy and hold.
0% -16% -32% -48% -64% 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 Buy and holdSMA 크로스오버볼린저 밴드 돌파
볼린저 밴드 돌파 maximum drawdown -17.6% (2024-11-25 → 2025-10-23), recovered after 385 days.

Rules of the top strategy

Breaking above the upper band (average plus a multiple of volatility) signals a strong move up.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were carried forward from the latest full optimization and replayed on this monthly dataset. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-optimize the same period and setupAll asset reports

Read next