Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

equity · US

Nelnet, Inc. backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Nelnet, Inc.. 1 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; EMA 크로스오버 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester. The return/drawdown alternative is EMA 크로스오버 (CAGR 8.4%, MDD -37.8%).

Data 2003-12-12 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 5,693 (22.6 years)Costs 0.5%Venue XNYSMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

1 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 8.4%, drawdown -90.2%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): EMA 크로스오버 — CAGR 8.4%, MDD -37.8%, Sharpe 0.48, 70% exposure.

Return/drawdown alternative: EMA 크로스오버 — CAGR is 0.0%p higher than buy and hold, while drawdown improves by 52.4%p (CAGR 8.4%, MDD -37.8%, exposure 70%).

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
EMA 크로스오버
fast=65, slow=260
8.4%-37.8%0.480.226.3x1770%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=58, exitN=84
8.0%-45.5%0.430.185.8x2969%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=23, threshold=37
1.3%-8.7%0.430.151.3x61%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=52, slow=117
6.2%-64.6%0.360.103.9x4661%
ROC 모멘텀
n=120, threshold=-0.02
5.8%-58.5%0.360.103.6x13965%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=11, k=2.8
1.5%-31.1%0.260.051.4x364%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=11, atrPeriod=18, mult=2.3
1.5%-27.1%0.220.051.4x608%
Supertrend
period=9, mult=2.5
1.3%-71.7%0.180.021.3x19356%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.005, maxStep=0.16
-0.3%-78.8%0.12-0.000.9x19956%
MACD
fast=8, slow=54, signal=17
-3.7%-75.7%-0.02-0.050.4x36750%
Buy and hold8.4%-90.2%0.410.096.2x1100%
1x 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 2025 EMA 크로스오버Buy and hold
EMA 크로스오버: Solid strategy line versus dashed buy-and-hold line. Log scale.
0% -23% -45% -68% -90% 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 2025 Buy and holdEMA 크로스오버
EMA 크로스오버 maximum drawdown -37.8% (2006-01-20 → 2009-10-01), recovered after 1,537 days.

Rules of the top strategy

Uses two exponential averages (more weight on recent prices) and trades their crossover.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were carried forward from the latest full optimization and replayed on this monthly dataset. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-optimize the same period and setupAll asset reports

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