Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

equity · US

BILL Holdings, Inc. backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of BILL Holdings, Inc.. 10 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; ADX / DI 방향성 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester. The return/drawdown alternative is ADX / DI 방향성 (CAGR 14.8%, MDD -33.9%).

Data 2019-12-12 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 1,666 (6.6 years)Costs 0.5%Venue XNYSMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

10 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 3.6%, drawdown -90.7%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): ADX / DI 방향성 — CAGR 14.8%, MDD -33.9%, Sharpe 0.68, 16% exposure.

CAGR reference leader: MACD — CAGR 20.2%, MDD -66.7%, exposure 51%.

Return/drawdown alternative: ADX / DI 방향성 — CAGR is 11.2%p higher than buy and hold, while drawdown improves by 56.7%p (CAGR 14.8%, MDD -33.9%, exposure 16%).

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
ADX / DI 방향성
period=6, threshold=43
14.8%-33.9%0.680.442.5x6416%
MACD
fast=12, slow=19, signal=14
20.2%-66.7%0.610.303.4x9951%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=41, slow=65
17.8%-62.0%0.590.293.0x1544%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=15, slow=82
16.3%-55.7%0.560.292.7x2345%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=44, k=2.8
12.2%-34.0%0.550.362.1x1219%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=54, exitN=27
14.1%-46.0%0.550.312.4x1735%
ROC 모멘텀
n=70, threshold=0.08
12.0%-60.1%0.480.202.1x5939%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=35, atrPeriod=25, mult=3.3
10.2%-43.0%0.470.241.9x1923%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.01, maxStep=0.12
10.3%-62.3%0.450.171.9x8548%
Supertrend
period=17, mult=3.3
4.9%-79.7%0.330.061.4x4145%
Buy and hold3.6%-90.7%0.410.041.3x1100%
1x 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 MACDADX / DI 방향성Buy and hold
ADX / DI 방향성 (Sharpe leader), MACD (CAGR reference), Buy and hold.
0% -23% -45% -68% -91% 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Buy and holdMACDADX / DI 방향성
ADX / DI 방향성 maximum drawdown -33.9% (2020-05-08 → 2020-12-02), recovered after 1,645 days.

Rules of the top strategy

Looks at both the direction and the strength of the trend; holds only in a strong uptrend.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were carried forward from the latest full optimization and replayed on this monthly dataset. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-optimize the same period and setupAll asset reports

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